What is a 3-axis machining center?
It is an industrial machine with which multiple operations can be carried out, thanks to its CNC automation (i.e., Computer Numerical Control); additionally, it does not require much human intervention. They come in different sizes, types, functions, and degrees of automation, but all machining centers are characterized by their production speed and great precision and flexibility. Currently, it is possible to find modular machines on the market that can be modified by installing or adding accessories, according to production needs.
3-axis machining work is a process in which the tools are controlled by a computer numerical control. They move with 3 axes to produce or shape metal pieces and other materials, such as PVC or even stone.
Besides increasing and improving production, these machines have the advantage of creating complex pieces with a better finish, thanks to the movements they perform during machining.
Types
There are different types of CNC that differ in their functionalities, size, and degrees of automation. One of the main classifications of these machines is those that use vertical or horizontal spindles:
- CNC with vertical spindle: they have a rotating head that comes into contact with the piece to be machined from top to bottom and working on the closest surface of the material. They are used on flat pieces, but with deep cavities.
- CNC with horizontal spindle: ideal for large and tall pieces, so it requires the machining process to be done in parts. Generally, the pieces must be positioned at different angles to execute the work.
How does the 3-axis machining center work?
The operation of the 3-axis machining center is similar in all models, although, of course, it largely depends on their specific characteristics. But the process begins with a CAD design of the piece to which the work to be done with it and the tools the machine needs to execute it are applied.
When the programming is done, the piece is placed in the machine and the work begins. The machine automatically changes the different tools until the piece is fully machined.
Although the machine operates practically on its own, it is necessary to have a trained operator to manage the machining center's software and who knows its operation in depth.
Tasks that can be performed in a 3-axis machining center
CNCs are commonly used to machine pieces that require rotary cutting tools. Thus, they are machines in high demand in different types of industries, due to their great versatility. A 3-axis machining center can be used by companies that require large quantities of production and need a machine capable of working 24 hours (considering they hardly require human intervention).
Metallurgy
Thanks to their flexibility and ability to be reconfigured, 3-axis machining centers are indispensable in the metallurgical industry for the creation of parts that are taken to the manufacturing industry and then go through a CNC again to perform cutting operations, flame or laser cutting, contouring, welding, engraving, punching...
Regarding the extraction of metals, machining centers are used for the removal of material through chips or abrasion, and also for cutting other types of metals, such as tubes, sheets, bars, etc. All of them will later be integrated into other industries and possibly go through another machining process. These metals are destined for different sectors. For example, for the food industry (specifically for the manufacturing of machinery destined for this sector); the automotive industry and even for aeronautics, where these parts go through CNCs with more axes.
Other applications
In the field of technology and communication, the precision of CNCs is essential for creating printed circuit prototypes; undoubtedly a laborious task.
Moreover, 3-axis CNCs are also used in the jewelry industry; not only for cutting and contouring but also for engraving (a separate area in which they are also used). This type of machinery is especially important in the wood industry. They are also employed by sectors that require more personal or "design" work. Here we find, for example, decorating companies and those involved in the manufacture of home products, such as kitchen countertops or bathroom furniture like shower trays. The funeral sector also needs CNC work for carving the bas-reliefs on coffins; a process that would be very laborious if done by hand.
