A machining center is a machine capable of performing complex machining tasks based on orders executed by pre-programmed codes, without the need for levers, wheels, or other types of controls handled by an operator. In fact, in this class of machines, human intervention is minimal, practically limited to the programming of these codes using computer languages such as Java, C++, Python, or Perl.
These codes are processed by a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system installed in the machining center. This is the most distinctive feature of this type of machine, as they can perform more precise and faster machining operations than if conventional tools, controlled by individual operators, were used. Moreover, in this case, a single operator can oversee several CNC centers simultaneously.
Types of machining centers
There are different types of machining centers designed to meet multiple industrial needs and productivity levels. The variety is so wide that their prices can range from €50,000 to over €1,000,000. However, broadly speaking, they can be divided into two major groups.
| Horizontal spindle machining center | They are designed to work onlarge and tall pieceswith multiple machining requirements and evenfrom different anglessince some models of this type have a slightly tiltable base relative to the axis, as needed to achieve the desired finishes. |
| Vertical spindle machining center | Their design focuses on the machining ofwide and low-height materialssuch as the manufacturing of molds and dies. In these cases, the rotating head is at the top of the machine, descending as it shapes the workpiece. That is, its machining process generallystarts from the top of the material. |
Functions of a CNC machine
CNC centers have applications in different industries, so they perform very varied functions, according to the needs of each company or factory. By way of example, the following general functions can be highlighted:
- Manufacturing industry: They are capable of manufacturing injection molds, metal parts, dies, components in wood or other materials.
- Automotive sector: They are ideal for the mass production of parts and components, both original and replacement.
- Electronic technology: The main example for this sector is the development of printed circuit prototypes.
- Art and fashion: Other functions of a machining center include the creation of jewelry, art products (such as in wood), footwear, engravings, and much more.
All this versatility is possible thanks to the ability of CNC machines to incorporate different tools in their heads, conveyor pallets, and codes adjusted to each need. Additionally, there are models that operate with more than one head at a time.
Advantages of a machining center
CNC machines stand out mainly for the high level of productivity they achieve compared to conventional production methods. In factories and large companies, they can minimize the necessary personnel, saving costs and speeding up the output of parts and components for many sectors.
In summary, the main advantages of a machining center are the following:
- A single operator can control multiple centers, with the cost reduction that comes from having less staff.
- Its production speed is significantly higher, in addition to being able to maintain an almost uninterrupted pace with well-programmed codes.
- The cutting results are more precise and cleaner, without imperfections. This ensures greater uniformity in the mass production of the same element.
- Once the necessary codes for the company's or industry's tasks are created, switching from one to another is extremely easy.
- CNC machines can perform practically all kinds of machining.
- They are versatile, and can be adjusted to machining needs according to the products to be manufactured. This is more evident in modular models, which allow the installation or modification of certain peripheral accessories.
- They can be reconfigured easily and quickly, so they manage different machining tasks on the same piece.
One aspect that cannot be overlooked is that CNC machining centers also have significant maintenance, accessory, and part replacement costs. This can only be offset by maintaining large production volumes, with enough profits to amortize these costs. Of course, as long as this situation is met, a machining center is definitely worth it.
